You may already know that Search Engine Results Pages are no longer a text list of plain blue links. There are now many different ways your to display your website’s content in the SERP.
But how the heck do you get your site results to do that?
You have to know how to talk in a the language that the search engines understand. You have to use something called structured Data markup
In this guide, I am going to help you understand what structured Data markup is. What Structured Data can do you your search results. And how start using it on your site. Today.
Let’s get started.
- How Does Content appear in a Search Page?
- What ways can my search results stand out?
- How do I get these Rich Results?
- Boost your CTR with rich results
- The Lowdown on All Structured Data Types recognized by Google
- JSON-LD – How to talk to Google in a language it understands
- How to add Structured Data Markup to your website
How Does Content appear in a Search Page ?
If the search engine understands the content of the page it can enable a rich set of features. You can explicitly provide more information in the page code using structured data. This helps the search engine understand the page content and context.
These features fall into two general categories:
Content Specific Features
Most search features are tied to the topic of your page. For example, if the page has a recipe, a news article, or contains information about an event or a book. Search results apply content-specific features.
Enhancements
These are features that can be applied to many content types. For example, providing review stars for a recipe, movie or book.
There is no guarantee that your page will appear in Search results with a specified feature. This is because search features depend on many factors. These factors include search device type, location and providing a great user experience.
Search Results Categories
Search results types can be divided into categories
- Basic: Plain blue links
- Rich Result: A result that includes style, images and other features
- Enriched search result: A more interactive or immersive result type. An enriched search result can often display it’s own page or support interactivity. Currently only Job Posting, Recipe and Event data types support enriched results
- Knowledge Graph Panel: A compilation of information from many pages. The panel displays information in a similar layout to a rich result. The knowledge graph panel is usually displayed to the right on a desktop SERP, and at the top of a mobile SERP.
- Carousel: A container for many rich results of the same type on your site. SERPS can also show carousels of similar type items from different sites.
What Ways can my Search Results Stand Out?
The number of different ways you can highlight the content of your website in the SERP has increased.
In the past, these were called rich Snippets, rich cards or enriched results. Google has now simplified the terminology to call them all rich results.
So.. what are the different types of Rich Result?
For the sake of this guide, we have limited to Organic results. Paid results are for another day!
Main Types of Rich Results
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Direct Answer Box
Visual Usually displayed in a light-gray box. Position Above the organic results (left column) Purpose Answers a question. Credit No source credit or link SEO Value Low – no backlink or citation -
Paragraph
Visual Featured paragraph displayed in a light-gray box. Position Above the organic results (left column) Purpose Most relevant result. Often result of “Who” and “What” queries Credit Yes. Title and Backlink SEO Value High -
Bulleted List
Visual Bulleted list displayed in a light-gray box. Position Above the organic results
(left column)Purpose Most relevant result for “Best of” and Ranking queries Credit Yes. Title and Backlink SEO Value High -
Numbered List
Visual Numbered list displayed in a light-gray box. Position bove the organic results (left column) Purpose Most relevant result for recipes, how-to queries Credit Yes. Title and Backlink SEO Value High -
Tables
Visual Data table, displayed in a light-gray box Position Above the organic results (left column) Purpose Most relevant result for recipes, how to queries Credit Yes. Title and Backlink SEO Value High -
Breadcrumbs
Visual Green links showing easy-to-understand overview of site structure Position Below the Title in SERP result Purpose Makes your result more enticing on the SERP SEO Value High -
Review Snippet
Visual Yellow stars showing rating Position Below title and url/ breadcrumbs in SERP result Purpose Instant representation of quality SEO Value high -
Video
Visual Video, displayed in a light-gray box Position Above the organic results (left column) Purpose Most relevant video result Credit Yes. Title and Backlink SEO Value High -
Carousel
Visual A list-like display, typically appear on mobile devices Position Above the organic results (left column) Purpose A container for many rich results of the same type on your site. Or, a group of similar type items from different sites in search results. Credit Yes. Clickable title SEO Value High -
Image Pack
Visual Row(s) of image links Position Image packs may appear in any organic position. Purpose Queries that refer to photos or need images Credit Each image clicks through to a Google Images search. SEO Value Medium -
Site Links
Visual Expanded pack of up to 10 subpages Position Above organic results Purpose Queries of the exact domain suggest clear brand intent Credit Each link clicks thru to a specific site page SEO Value Medium -
People Also Ask
Visual 4+ questions, displayed in a light-gray box Position Above organic results Purpose Extra questions related to the original query Credit Yes. Title and Backlink SEO Value High -
Q&A Page
Visual 1 questions, displayed in a light-gray box with 1 or more answer below Position Above organic results Purpose Answer a direct question Credit Question is clickable SEO Value MEdium Example – Appearance might change- New Feature released 12/3/18 -
Content Specific Features
Visual Contet Specific Layout Position Above Organic Results Purpose To enhance the information returned for specific content queries. Currently restricted to Recipe, Local business, TV, Movie and Job Listing Credit Clickable SEO Value High
How do I get these Rich Results for my site pages?
Google Search works hard to understand the content of a page. You can help by providing explicit clues about the meaning of a page. You do this by including structured data. Structured data is a standardized format for providing information. It helps the search engine classify the page content. It provides context. The structured data on the page describes the content of that page
For example, on a recipe page, you would expect to see;
- Ingredients
- Step by Step instructions
- Cooking time
- Cooking temperature
- An image of how the food should look
- Calories
- Number of Servings
And structured markup has a schema which includes each of these elements of a recipe. This allows for users to search all recipes by ingredient, or calories count, cook time and so on.
Search engines use this structured data to enable rich results. This is how you get rich results. Your page must have valid structured data in type that Google recognizes. And it will then be eligible to appear as one of the following Rich Results. It is a great first step. Using Structured date enables a feature to be present. However, it doesn’t guarantee the feature will be present
Boost your Click Through Rate (CTR) with rich results
Now you know what rich results are, and you have an idea about what content types you can get rich results for. In the next chapter you will learn how to “speak google” but before we do that.. why are Rich results important?
Rich results don’t directly affect you rankings (currently). But, it can generate indirect SEO benefits by making your page easier to index. Rich results also provide more accurate targeting information. A visitor is more likely to click on your link and stay on the page if they already know it is what they are looking for. On page behavior (Click through rate, bounce time, dwell time) does have and impact on rankings. If the results returned for your query are more specific, you will see higher user engagement. Higher user engagement can lead to higher rankings.
Why do we see higher user engagement with rich results? Because the rich snippet “pre-qualifies” the visitors. they catch a glimpse of the page content before they choose to click. This stops pogo-sticking to your content and back out again due to dissatisfaction
What Types of data does Google recognize?
Currently Google recognizes the following structured data types
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Article
Describes articles and blog types. Displayed in the Top stories carousel. Rich result features include headline text, larger-than-thumbnail images, source and time
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Book
Describes a book. This allows Google search to be an entry point for discovering books and authors.
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Breadcrumb
Navigation that indicates the page’s position in the site hierarchy. A user can navigate all the way up in the site hierarchy one level at a time. They start from the last breadcrumb in the breadcrumb trail.
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Carousel
Rich results that display in a sequential list or gallery. The carousel often features articles from a single site (known as a host carousel). The carousel can also feature a variety of publishers, like Top stories.
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Corporate Contact
Describes the contact information displayed in the Google Knowledge panel. Corporate contact information includes phone numbers, language spoken, area served. It can also dispay different and types of contact numbers (Sales, Customer support)
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Course
Structured data mark up for your coursese. This allows prospective students find you through Google Search. Courses can include the course title, provider, and a short description.
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Critic review
Markup used to display a snippet from a longer review article by a single editor. Critic reviews can be about local businesses, movies, and books.
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Dataset
Markup to improve discovery of datasets.
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Employer Aggregate Rating
Markup if you site publishes user-generated ratings about hiring organizations. It can provide job seekers with ratings about a hiring organization to help them choose a job.
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Event
Markup for organized events. This enables users to discover events through Google Search and Google Maps.
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Fact Check
Use this markup if you have a page that reviews a claim made by others. This enables Google Search results to show a summarized version of your fact check in the SERP
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Job Posting
Structured data to makes your job posting eligible for an enriched search result
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Live Stream
Markup to add a live badge to video thumbnails in SERP. This can be applied to any public video.
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Local Business
Use this markup to get your knowledge panel displayed when a user searches for your business.
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Logo
Markup to specify the image Google Search uses for your organization’s logo.
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Occupation
A standalone markup used to define salary ranges for job types
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Product
markup for your product pages. This enables Google to provide detailed product information in rich Search results. This includes Google Images, price, availability, and review ratings right on Search results.
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Q&A Page
Structured data for a page with 1 question followed by zero or more answers
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Recipe
Structured data to provide rich results specific to recipes. Rich result features include cooking time, prepartion instructions, image and nutrition information.
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Review Snippet
Markup for a short excerpt of a review or a rating from a review website. This rating is usually an average of the combined rating scores from many reviewers.
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Sitelink Searchbox
Markup to enable SERP for your website to show a seach box.
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Social Profile
Markup to add to your official website to add your social profile information. This is used in your Knowledge Panel.
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Subscription and paywalled content
Markup to help Google differentiate paywalled content from the practice of cloaking. The practice of cloaking violates search engine guidelines . (https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/66355)
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Video
Markup to make Google search an entry point for discovering and watching videos
JSON-LD – How to talk to Google in a language it understands
So you know know about the different SERP features that create rich results. You know why rich results help your click thru rate. You know all the data types that Google recognizes, but how do you use it? How to you talk in the language that Google understands
This is where you use JSON-LD for your structured data markup
What is JSON-LD and why should we use it?
JSON-LD stands for JavaScript Object Notation for Linked data. JSON-LD is the Google recommended way for creating structured data. Bing has also supported it since March 2018.
Each data type has specific definitions and properties. The required properties must be used for your content to be eligible for display as a rich result.
In the tool below, Each datatype is presented in a table with required and recommended properties. There is also an input to enable you to add your own data. The code updates in the codebox below the table after you enter each data point. Pressing the orange validate button will paste your created code on Google’s structured data markup tool
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Article
For the sake of this guide. we are focusing on Non AMP web-pages. AMP pages are for another day!
Non-AMP article pages that include structured data are more likely to show rich result features. Plus, your content may be turned into an action on Google Assistant!To add structured data to your non-AMP article page:
- Create the Article structured code using the table below. The code builds in the code box below the table, and will dynamically add in the data you input. This is the same for each datatype below.
- Test the code you have created by pressing the validate button
- If it validates, add a the following code to your page,
- Read the to ensure that Google can crawl your page.
[json-gen datatype=”article”]
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Book
Book actions make Google Search an entry point for discovering books and authors. This enables users to buy the books that they find directly from Search results.
Create the Book Markup Code using the table below
Clicking a read action link, your user should be sent to a page that where they can directly buy the book.
Test the code created by pressing the validate button
If it validates, add a the following code to your page,
Make sure Google can crawl your page[json-gen datatype=”book”]
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Carousel
You can use structured data to make your rich results eligible for a list-like display called a carousel. Carousels typically appear only on mobile devices, and only for certain content types, as described below. If you use carousel markup for a content type not currently supported in carousel format, it is not an error; the information can still be displayed, but it not in a carousel.
In some cases, Google Search may display your rich result inside a carousel even if the page does not include structured data for a list: for example, a recipe might appear in a recipes carousel of results from many different websites.
For the purpose of this guide, we are focusing on single entity pages. Carousel specific markup is typically useful on summary pages with more than 1 entity, presented as a list-like display. This will be covered in a guide coming soon!
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Breadcrumbs
A breadcrumb trail on a page indicates the page’s position in the site hierarchy. A user can navigate all the way up and down the site heirarchy
[json-gen datatype=”breadcrumb”] -
Corporate Contact
Use Corporate contact markup on your official website. This will add your company’s contact information to the Google Knowledge panel.
[json-gen datatype=”organization”] -
Course
Mark up your course lists with structured data so prospective students find you through Google Search. You can provide details including the course name, who’s offering it, and a short description.
Course markup should follow these additional guidelines:- Only use course markup for educational content that fits the following definition of a course: A series or unit of curriculum that contains lectures, lessons, or modules in a particular subject and/or topic.
- A course must have an explicit educational outcome of knowledge and/or skill in a particular subject and/or topic, and be led by one or more instructors with a roster of students.
- A general public event such as “Astronomy Day” is not a course, and a single 2-minute “How to make a Sandwich Video” is not a course.
- Each course’s name and provider must be a valid name and have a valid title.
[json-gen datatype=”course”]
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Critic review
A critic review is a snippet from a longer review article that a single editor has created, curated, or compiled for a publisher.
You can provide standalone critic review objects, which are suitable for sites that perform no direct function for the business being reviewed, such as news sites using the markup created below.
[json-gen datatype=”critic”]
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Dataset
The purpose of this markup is to improve discovery of datasets from fields such as life sciences, social sciences, machine learning, civic and government data, and more.
Here are some examples of what can qualify as a dataset:- A table or a CSV file with some data
- An organized collection of tables
- A file in a proprietary format that contains data
- A collection of files that together constitute some meaningful dataset
- A structured object with data in some other format that you might want to load into a special tool for processing
- Images capturing data
- Files relating to machine learning, such as trained parameters or neural network structure definitions
- Anything that looks like a dataset to you
[json-gen datatype=”dataset”]
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Employer Aggregate Rating
Adding EmployerAggregateRating markup can provide job seekers with ratings about a hiring organization to help them choose a job. It also offers prominent brand placement in the enriched job search experience on Google.
- Make sure that the ratings are available to users from the page where you add EmployerAggregateRating structured data. It should be immediately obvious to users that the page has rating content.
- By default, Google assumes that your site uses a 5-point scale, where 5 is the best possible rating and 1 is the worst, but you can use any other scale. If you use a different scale, you can specify the best and worst ratings, and Google scales that to the 5-star system.
[json-gen datatype=”employagg”]
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Event
Events Marked up with event structured data can be discovered through Google Search results and other Google products like Google Maps. You can add all types of events through markup — from performances by famous artists, to a neighborhood salsa class. Adding markup to your events makes it easier for users to discover and attend your event.
- Each event must accurately describe the event name, start date, and location.
- Don’t add short-term discounts or purchase opportunities, such as: “Concert — buy your tickets now,” or “Concert – 50% off until Saturday.”
- Don’t mark business hours as events
- Don’t mark coupons or vouchers as events
- If your event or ticket info is for an event that runs over several days, specify both the start and end dates of the event.
- If there are several different performances across different days, each with individual tickets, add a separate Event element for each performance.
[json-gen datatype=”event”]
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Fact Check
Markup for If you have a web page that reviews a claim made by others. This enables Google Search results to show a summarized version of your fact check when your page appears in search results for that claim.
- Fact checks associated with news articles can be shown in either News results or the combined search results view; all other fact checks can appear only in combined search results view.
- Fact checks are not guaranteed to be shown: inclusion of fact check elements in Google Search results is determined programmatically. Fact check elements are scored based on a programmatic ranking of the site. Sites are evaluated in a process similar to page ranking: if the site ranking is high enough, the fact check element can be displayed in search results along with your page.
- A single page can host multiple ClaimReview elements, each for a separate claim (see below).
- The page hosting the ClaimReview element must have at least a brief summary of the fact check and the evaluation, if not the full text.
- You should host a specific ClaimReview on only one page on your site. Do not repeat the same fact check on multiple pages, unless they are variations of the same page (for example, you can post the same ClaimReview on the mobile and desktop versions of a page).
[json-gen datatype=”factchk”]
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Job Posting
Adding structured data makes your job postings eligible to appear in a special user experience in Google Search results. You can also integrate with Google by using a third party job site. For employers and job content site owners, this feature brings many benefits:
- Results included in enriched search results: Your postings can be eligible to be displayed in the job search experience on Google, featuring your logo, reviews, ratings, and job details.
- More, motivated applicants: The new user experience enables job seekers to filter by various criteria like location or job title, meaning you’re more likely to attract applicants who are looking exactly for that job.
- Increased chances of discovery and conversion: Job seekers will have a new avenue to interact with your postings and click through to your site.
[json-gen datatype=”jobpost”]
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Livestream
Adding livestream markup adds a live badge to video thumbnails in search results. In order for the badge to appear, we’ll need to know whether the video is live or when the stream begins. The live badge can be applied to any public video that is live streamed for any duration of time.
[json-gen datatype=”livestream”] -
Local Business
If Local business markup has been added to the page, search results for the business may display a prominent Knowledge Graph card with details about a business that matched the query. When users query for a type of business, such as a restaurant, they may see a carousel of listings hosted by restaurant listing providers.
[json-gen datatype=”LocalBus”]
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Logo
Markup for your organization’s logo in Knowledge Graph and Search results. This helps ensures that the image appears in search results about the company. This Markup a strong signal to show this image in Knowledge Graph displays.
[json-gen datatype=”logo”]
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Occupation
Occupation structured data allows salary estimate providers to define salary ranges and region-based salary averages for job types, details about the occupation such as typical benefits, qualifications, and educational requirements, and aggregate them by factors such as experience levels or hiring organization.
[json-gen datatype=”occupation”] -
Product
Adding markup to your product pages rich results for product searches. This includes Google Images. Users can see price, availability, and review ratings right on Search results.
The pages that the below code should be added to a single product page, not category page
Adult -related products are not supportedTo include product information in Google Images, follow these guidelines for required markup:
To show your product information in the rich image viewer: Include the name, image, price, and priceCurrency properties.
To show your product information in the Related Items feature: Include the name, image, price, priceCurrency, and availability properties. All 5 of these properties are included in the code generator below
[json-gen datatype=”product”]
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Q&A Page
New! Google announced this new accepted datatype on December 5th, 2018.
Q&A Pages are web pages that contain data in a question and answer format, which is one question followed by zero or more answers to the question.
Properly marked up Question and Answer pages (Q&APage datatype) are eligible to have a rich result displayed on the search results page. This rich treatment helps your site reach the right users on Search. For the sake of this guide, we are assuming that you (the author) have written the question and the answer.
Guidelines for using this structured data type are:
- Only use the QAPage markup if your page has information in a question and answer format, which is one question followed by zero or more answers.
- Don’t use QAPage markup for FAQ pages or pages where there are multiple questions per page. QAPage markup is for pages where the focus of the page is a single question and its answers.
- Don’t use QAPage markup for advertising purposes.
- Make sure each Question includes the entire text of the question and make sure each Answer includes the entire text of the answer.
- Answer markup is for answers to the question, not for comments on the question or comments on other answers. Do not markup non-answer comments as an Answer.
- Question and answer content may not be displayed as a rich result if it contains obscene, profane, sexually explicit, graphically violent language. Nor will it be displayed if it promotes dangerous or illegal activities, or hateful or harassing language.
[json-gen datatype=”qapage”]
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Recipe
Using the markup generated below, your recipe content will be eligible for rich results, and include reviewer rating, nutrition information and cooking/prep times. Your enhanced markup could enable Google Assistant to guide users through your recipes on Google Home and smart displays, drive better engagement in SERP, and get a recipe badge in Mobile search results.
The Structured data receipe data type should only be applied to edible dishes (not “facial Scrub”)[json-gen datatype=”recipe”]
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Site Links
For some sites Google will show a sitelinks search box. This allows searchers to do asecondary search for results on your own site. However, most sites do not show the search box. Even if you have the markup. Google’s John Mueller confirmed,
Once we’re showing the sitelinks search box, that markup helps us pick the version that you prefer to have shown.
Guidelines
Sitelinks search queries send the user to the search results page for your site. You need a functioning search engine to power this feature.
Install the WebSite structured data element created below on the homepage for your site.
Verify your Verify your search engine implementation
Set a preferred canonical URL for your domain homepage. Make sure you are using the rel=”canonical” link element on all variants of the homepage.[json-gen datatype=”sitelinks”]
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Social Profile
Use the markup generated below on your official website. This adds your social profile information to a Google Knowledge panel. Knowledge panels prominently display your social profile information in some Google Search results.
[json-gen datatype=”socialprofiles”]
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Subscription and paywalled content
Publishers should enclose paywalled content with structured data to help Google differentiate paywalled content from the practice of cloaking. Cloaking in the practive where content served to crawling robots is different to the content served to the user. If no structured data is provided to indicate a paywall, the content behind the paywall could be removed from google.
[json-gen datatype=”paywall”]
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Video
Use the structured data to make Google Search an entry point for discovering and watching videos. You can provide details such as the description, thumbnail URL, upload date, and duration. Google may use your markup to power carousels (for example, the Top stories carousel with AMP). Video markup enables a badge on the image in mobile image search results, which can encourage more users to click your content.
[json-gen datatype=”video”]
How to Add the Structured Data Code to your Website
Now you have the code you want to use to be eligible for Rich Results. The final step is to add it to your page
Where do I add JSON-LD Structured Data?
The best place to add it is to the
of website. This will not be visible on the page, but the search engines will see it. It is important that the content in the structured data matches the visible content on the page. If it doesn’t you will be in violation of Google’s Webmaster Guidelines.How do I add JSON-LD Structured data to the head
Here are a few ways you can add your structured data to the website head
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WordPress – Genesis Framework
Genesis Framework themes have a script box at the bottom of every Page and Post Edit screen – simply paste in the validated code
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WordPress
You can use WordPress custom fields to add schema markup. This will allow you to use schema not yet available in Schema Plugins (QA, Live Streaming).
You need to take the following steps:-
On any page or post edit screen, use Screen Options to make custom fields visibleCheck the “Custom fields” boxCustom Fields are now showingClick Enter New to create a new custom field
Create a custom field. I have used the name jsonld_markup”.
Paste in the structured markup JSON-LD code you want for that page
- Go to other pages you want to add code to, and paste “jsonld_markup” into the Name Custom field. Past your structured Markup code into the “value”
Now you need to make sure that the code to added in this custom field is added to the head of the page. The most robust and future proof way of doing this would be to add this simple function to your theme function.php fileadd_action('wp_head', 'child_ns_add_jsonld'); function child_ns_add_jsonld(){ //Assuming "jsonld_markup" is the name of the custom field created $jsonldmarkup = get_post_meta(get_the_ID(), 'jsonld_markup', true); if(!empty($jsonldmarkup)) { echo $jsonldmarkup; } }
Adding Structured Data to your SquareSpace Site
Squarespare allows custom code and scripts to be added to your site on all it’s plans except the current Personal Plan. To add structured markup to a page, you add the code using the Code Injection area in Advanced settings. If you want to inject code on a specific page:
- Open the page while in the Pages panel.
- Hover over the content area.
- Click Settings.
- In the Page Settings window, click Advanced in the top-right corner.
Page Header Code Injection adds code to the
tag of that page. It won’t display on Index landing pages.Adding Structured Data to your Wix Site
As per the Wix Support instructions:
- Sign in to your Wix account.
- Go to your Site Manager.
- Click Tracking & Analytics.
- Click + New Tool and select Custom from the dropdown.
- Set up your Schema.org code using our schema generator tool:
- Enter your custom code.
- Select the relevant domain.Note: This option will appear only if you have multiple domains.
- Enter a name for your custom code.
- Add Code to Pages: Select which pages to add your code to:
- All Pages: Click the dropdown to select an option:
- Load code once.
- Load code on each new page.
- Choose specific pages: Begin typing the name of the relevant pages and then click the checkbox next to the relevant page.
- All Pages: Click the dropdown to select an option:
- Place Code in Head (select Head)
- Click Apply.
Adding Structured Data to your Weebly Site
- Generate the code you want using our schema generator tool
- Sign into your Weebly Account
- Go to the Pages Tab
- Select the page you want to add markup to
- On the page you have selected, click on the “SEO Settings”/li>
- The bottom box is HEADER CODE – paste your generated markup code in there/li>
- Click Publish
Adding Structured Data to your HTML Site
For every page, simply paste in the structured data markup code you have generated before the tag
Last step regardless of your website type. Test the code is valid by testing your page url on the Google Structured Markup testing tool.
If you need any help, Nustart Solutions offers a wide range of SEO Services and technical help, so please don’t hesitate to ask
Conclusion
That’s been quite the journey, working through all the current structured data types, how to create the markup for them and how to implement on your site.
Now I would like to hear from you:
Have you implemented JSON-LD markup on your site yet?
Maybe I missed something (AMP – coming soon!)
Either way, let me know by leaving a comment below
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